Driven by the free and open source software movement over the last years a lot of programming languages were developed and released into public. Some of them became popular and successful in certain fields. Because every programming language has its advantages and disadvantes in different fields, one has to deal with some programming languages to have a tool in ones toolbox for every task.

A not complete list of our major programming languages can be found below. The list is never up-to-date due to the permanent study of new approaches and languages. Currently (at the time of writing) Scala, Clojure, jRuby and Erlang are under study and observation.

Java is one of the most modern programming languages around with a large community of developers and supporters. Invented and driven by Sun Mircosystems Inc.Java became very popular and a lot of features were developed around it.

Java needs a so called "Java Runtime Environment" to run the programs. This environment is available for almost all operating systems and therefore, there is not limitation to use it. Java was also futher enhanced for embedded and mobile devices as JavaME (Java Micro Edition) and for large enterprise application server environments as JavaEE (Java Enterprise Edition).

Java is a very good choice for Enterprise Environment with Application Servers like JBoss. Java can also be used to write GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) for client server applications or as front ends for command line tools.

For more information on Java have a look to the official website: http://java.sun.com.

The programming language "C" is the de facto standard for all high-performance programming near to the operating system. All relevant tools and utilities at operating system level are programmed in this language. "C++" is "C" with extensions for object oriented programming (OOP) and additioanl features like operators and templates/ generics. For C++ a lot of frameworks for GUI programming are available. C++ is a multipurpose programming language for almost every task to be done.

Perl is a skipt like programming language with a strong focus on fast, small and powerful solutions with a minimum of effort e.g. the embedded regular expression engine. The language itself is quite complex and not always easy to read, but very useful for small scripts and utilities. The official website is at: http://www.perl.com.

PHP (Private Home Page) is an easy to learn, but powerful programming language with excellent functionality in connection with web site generation and database connectivity. PHP is the first choice for all web site programming and content management systems. Read more on the official website at: http://www.php.net.

Fortran was the first so-called higher programming language. This means that the programming language was not just a translation of the machines functionality like assembler, but had its own grammar and functionality. Fortran was developed and optimized for calculations for math and natural sciences. In this fields Fortran is still used for calculations and simulations and also for high performance programming due to the existence of optmized compilers.